My quick answer for both questions is: No. I think that we can all agree that the idea of equally distributing grades on an exam is pretty stupid. Each student studied to achieve a good grade, and they were each rewarded for the level of work that they put into the exam. The whole point of grades is to measure each student’s knowledge for the subject, and the students tried to perfect that knowledge so that they would excel on the test. If the grades were distributed evenly, it would be pointless for the students to really try on their exams, because they would know that they had little to no impact on what grade they would actually receive. This system would result in horrible grades for the entire class, and there wouldn’t be much that the teacher could do about it. The grades would be horrible because there wouldn’t be any incentive for the students to work hard. They wouldn’t be recognized or rewarded for their grades. This isn’t moral at all, because the teacher or the school is taking away a grade that a student earned and redistributing it around the class.

This same thing happens in countries which redistribute income. It’s the same concept, but real money is at stake, instead of a little letter on a piece of paper that supposedly measures your intelligence. When wealth is redistributed in a society, entrepreneurship, innovation, and practically any form of progress comes to a halt. When people aren’t fairly rewarded for their labor, they’re discouraged, and they feel cheated. People don’t want to work as hard anymore, because they realize that it’s mostly pointless. When wealth is equally distributed, there’s no reason for one person to try and work harder than another person. There’s no reason for one entrepreneur to try and make his product better than the other entrepreneurs, because he knows that he won’t be rewarded. Like I said, this causes innovation to stop, and the society starts to collapse. Not only is redistributing income impractical, it’s immoral, and basically a legal version of theft. Taking someone’s earnings from them and giving them to somebody else is immoral and unfair.

When people aren’t rewarded fairly for their work and their commitment, there’s no reason for them to keep working. At the least, there’s no reason for them to try and do better, to try and become more efficient. This applies to every area where rewards or compensation is given out. This includes school, work, chores everything. So basically, no, it’s not moral for the state to redistribute wealth, because it discourages entrepreneurship and hard work.